Scientific Method: a way to ask and answer scientific questions by making observations and doing experiments. There are six main steps: 1.) Ask a question 2.) Background Research 3.) Create a hypothesis 4.) Test hypothesis with an experiment 5.) Analyze data & draw a conclusion 6.) Report the results
Significant Figures are very important when recording scientific results because it shows how far in depth and accurate an experiment was. There are four rules: 1.) All non-zero numbers are always significant 2.) All zeroes between non-zero numbers are always significant 3.) All zeroes which are simultaneously to the right of the decimal point and at the end of the number are always significant. 4.) All zeroes which are to the left of a written decimal point and are in a number greater than 10 are always significant.
Unit Conversions: In science, the metric system is used in performing measurements. The metric system uses prefixes that are very helpful and should be memorized. Conversions of units is the conversion between different units of measurement for the same quantity.
Matter: everything that takes up space and has mass. There are both physical and chemical properties to matter. Density and volume are two major properties of matter.
Density: the mass per unit volume. Density determines if an object can float or not, bouyancy.
Elements are particles that cannot be broken down into smaller, simpler particles. Water is made up of two
elements: hydrogen and oxygen. Scientists use symbols to represent certain elements, such as O represents Oxygens and He represents Helium. Compounds are substances formed when two or more elements are chemically joined. Water and salt are two examples of compounds. Elements lose their initial properties when they combine together. Mixtures are two or more substances that are mixed together, but not chemically. A prime example of a mixture is a salad. Atoms are the smallest particles of matter. When counting atoms, the subscript that follows an element, only applies to that element. Coefficients, on the other hand, apply to the entire compound. If elements or compounds are in parentheses, then the subscript that follows applies to everything inside.
Lab Safety & Equipment: A few lab safety precautions that should be taken include wearing safety googles, listening to the instructor's rules, and make sure you have a plan in case of fire. A few common pieces of lab equipment include beakers, thermometers, Bunsen burners, funnels, graduated cylinders, pipets, & test tubes.
Significant Figures are very important when recording scientific results because it shows how far in depth and accurate an experiment was. There are four rules: 1.) All non-zero numbers are always significant 2.) All zeroes between non-zero numbers are always significant 3.) All zeroes which are simultaneously to the right of the decimal point and at the end of the number are always significant. 4.) All zeroes which are to the left of a written decimal point and are in a number greater than 10 are always significant.
Unit Conversions: In science, the metric system is used in performing measurements. The metric system uses prefixes that are very helpful and should be memorized. Conversions of units is the conversion between different units of measurement for the same quantity.
Matter: everything that takes up space and has mass. There are both physical and chemical properties to matter. Density and volume are two major properties of matter.
Density: the mass per unit volume. Density determines if an object can float or not, bouyancy.
Elements are particles that cannot be broken down into smaller, simpler particles. Water is made up of two
elements: hydrogen and oxygen. Scientists use symbols to represent certain elements, such as O represents Oxygens and He represents Helium. Compounds are substances formed when two or more elements are chemically joined. Water and salt are two examples of compounds. Elements lose their initial properties when they combine together. Mixtures are two or more substances that are mixed together, but not chemically. A prime example of a mixture is a salad. Atoms are the smallest particles of matter. When counting atoms, the subscript that follows an element, only applies to that element. Coefficients, on the other hand, apply to the entire compound. If elements or compounds are in parentheses, then the subscript that follows applies to everything inside.
Lab Safety & Equipment: A few lab safety precautions that should be taken include wearing safety googles, listening to the instructor's rules, and make sure you have a plan in case of fire. A few common pieces of lab equipment include beakers, thermometers, Bunsen burners, funnels, graduated cylinders, pipets, & test tubes.